China, a land of mystery and enchantment, is filled with many images: gods and goddesses, mythical creatures, historical characters, dragons, unicorns. Throughout its history, China has seen many conflicts, religions,…
…significant and diverse epithets, names, and titles, each having a different meaning. Some of these are Juno Lucina, Juno Caprotina, Juno Curitis, Juno Sospita, and Lucina. 2. Minerva, Goddess of…
…al’Ubaid, and Ur. At first, copper was used to made arrowheads, razors, harpoons, and other small objects, but as the years passed, the Sumerians also started making copper jugs, vessels,…
…remains. Third-hand accounts, for example, Herodotus’ Histories, Pausanias’ Description of Greece, Diodorus’ Bibliotheca, and Jerome’s Chronicon contain references to this period and document some of the rulers from this time….
…and Clock The Egyptians divided time into three main periods: the inundation season (akhet), which lasted for one-third of the year; the sowing and growth of the crops (perit); and…
…launched the largest amphibious invasion of Normandy to free German-occupied Western Europe during the Second World War. Commonly known as D-Day, the operation was launched on June 6, 1944 with…
…remarkable Mongol ruler: 1. Was His Real Name Genghis? The answer to the above question is no, Genghis Khan’s real name was “Temujin,” meaning “blacksmith.” The title Genghis Khan was…
…during his time and under his influence, Athens became home to the world’s greatest artists, playwrights, scientists, poets, architects, sculptors, and philosophers. Renowned and celebrated playwrights like Euripides, Sophocles, Aeschylus,…
…rules, written in the format: “If … then …” These principles were classified into domestic, social and commercial laws and included everything from property, marriage, and family relations to technical…
…from all across the Roman Empire. The most popular were food items such as fruits, vegetables, fish, wine, oil, and various spices. Since this structure was built using Roman engineering…
…our top 10 list: 10. Hermes Also known as “the messenger,” Hermes was the son of Zeus and Maia. He has been depicted in many different ways in poems, plays,…
…II fought fierce battles to secure the borders of Egypt against the Hittites, Nubians, Libyans, and Syrians. Later, even as ruler, he was remembered for his notable military contributions. His…
…cross-collar garment Pao (men’s costume): Closed full-body garment Ru: Open cross-collar shirt Shan: Open cross-collar jacket worn over the yi Qun or chang: Skirt for women and ku for men…
…village, the offensive was declared a success. 5. Serbian Campaign (Serbian Casualties: 300,000 Military, 800,000 Civilian) The Serbian Campaign started with the invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary. On June 28,…
…to 138.8 meters, and stretches 230 meters in length. The pyramid has three chambers, the King’s Room, the Queen’s Room, and a large passageway known as the Great Gallery. Around…
…the Icelandic saga, The Tale of Ragnar’s Sons, and also the Gesta Danorum, or Deeds of the Danes, by historiographer Saxo Grammaticus (1160–1220). He is thought to be the basis…
…Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, and Thutmose III belong to these dynasties. During this period the Egyptians explored and conquered many lands located in the southern Arabic region. Kush, Nubia, Lebanon, Syria, and…
…tuberculosis, mainly in developing countries. The Middle Ages were full of evidence of cervical lymph node-related tuberculosis. Sources even say that tuberculosis was known as the “King’s evil” and there…
…Mycenaean centers included Mycenae, which was also the ancient home of Agamemnon; Tiryns, which was considered to be the oldest hub; Pylos, Nestor’s home; Sparta; and probably Athens. Besides trade,…
…Song dynasty a golden period. 7. Genghis Khan (1162 AD–1227 AD) Often referred to as “the conqueror of the world,” Genghis Khan was the founder of the Mongolian Empire. The…
…turrets and torpedoes, this ship played a crucial role in World War I. 4. HMS Agamemnon Battleship: Royal Navy (UK) Built: 1908 This was the last of the British pre-dreadnought…
…(13–21 cm) Weight: 1.3 – 5.3 oz (35–150 grams) Configuration: Heavy-grade steel Used by: Japanese The shuriken is a well-known Japanese weapon often described in popular culture as the “ninja…
…22.5 centimeters (8.85 inches) long and made of baked clay. On the cylinder are engraved the thoughts of Cyrus with regard to racial, linguistic, and religious freedom. It also showcases…
…sun-dried blocks. This machine is so effective that it can destroy everything in its path.” 6. The Plumbata These small, lead-weighted darts were carried by every soldier – usually five…
…word for sword. In comparison to other medieval swords, these were rather short – a typical gladius was only 18–24 inches (45-61cm) long. The earliest gladii were succeeded by subsequent,…
…was at the height of its popularity from the Archaic period (750–500 BC) to the Hellenistic period (323–30 BC). This rectangular piece of linen was draped around the body in…
…Hannibal belonged to an aristocratic family, and his surname Barca meant “shine” or “lightning,” a name which he certainly lived up to. Hannibal was the one who earned his family…
…successfully used against Alexander the Great of Macedon. 6. The Testudo The testudo, meaning “tortoise” in Latin, was a shield-wall formation that was intrinsically Roman. It was a frontline strategy…
…Mesopotamian civilization, the Sumer, began approximately 6,000 years ago in 4000 BC. Other Mesopotamian cultures include the Akkadians, the Old and New Babylonian cultures, and the Hittites. The word “Mesopotamia”…
…which is in modern-day Iraq. Babylon thrived under the rule of its most famous king, Hammurabi, but after his death, this once-great kingdom began to decline. The 11 most important…
…for transportation, but they weren’t. Slaves, who were also readily available, were made to do the heavy lifting instead. Donkeys, however, were used as the primary animal to transport goods…
…us is Confucius, or “the great Chinese sage.” Confucius was born on September 28, 551 BC in the district of Lu (modern-day Qufu) during the Zhou dynasty. He was born…
…was a massive threat. Meanwhile, Britain, Russia, and France were vying to annex areas in the Middle East and Armenia. Needless to say, such a volatile situation, where every opportunist…
…a person needed to approach it with “thought, sense, judgment, viable knowledge, [and] prudence.” He also believed that bad behavior was the result of ignorance, and those who made mistakes…
…Khufu’s statue (26th century BC) Khufu’s statue was found in 1903 by W.F. Petrie in Abydos. It is 7.5 centimeters high and the beautiful carving of the king’s face can…
…and beauty Minerva (Female): Goddess of wisdom, arts and crafts, learning, and industry Neptune (Male): God of the sea Ceres (Female): Goddess of harvest Vulcan (Male): God of the underworld…
…and Enki, the god of water, knowledge, mischief, crafts and creation. She had multiple functions such as fertility, fishing, wildlife, social justice, and prophecy, and had a close association with…
…been separated from the milk solids. The production of ghee, on the other hand, includes the simmering of butter. 2. Lentils Lentils are legumes, and people have been eating them since…
…buildings required a specific type of cement, and the improvement of the general infrastructure (streets, water systems, heating, and so on) involved great feats of engineering. 2. Roman Architectural Innovations…
…the patricians (the privileged class) and the plebeians (the common people) to protect the legal, social, and civil rights of citizens. A commission of 10 men was appointed in 433…